Chandigarh Forest Flora
A Comprehensive Database of Ligneous Plants of Chandigarh (India)
Designed & Developed by Bioinformatics Centre, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
| Family: Verbenaceae | Genus: Gmelina | Species: Gmelina arborea Linn. |
Habit |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
Bark |
|
|
| Synonym | Premna arborea (Roxb.) Roth. | Flower Color | Yellow - Orange |
| Common Name | Flower Type | Solitary | |
| English / Trade Name | White Kashmir Teak, Cashmere tree, Gamari | Flowering Period | April-June |
| Vernacular /Local Name | Gamhar | Fruiting Period | July-Sept |
| Altitude | 900m | Fruit Type | Drupe |
| Habit | Tree | Fruit Details | Fruit 7-1 in. Lon pericarp leathery, shining, yellow outside when ripe |
| Habitat | Found in deciduous and semi-evergreen forests | Bark Type | Smooth |
| Distribution | Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam | Bark Details | Bark light grey coloured exfoliating in light coloured patches when old, blaze thick, a chlorophyll layer just under the outer bark, pale yellow white inside. |
| Distribution in chandigarh | Chandigarh Botanical Garden and Nature Park, Sukhna Choe Reserve Forest & Sukhna Lake | Origin | Native |
| Leaf Type | Simple | ||
| Leaf Arrangement | Opposite (leaves in pairs along stem) | ||
| Leaf Shape | Ovate | ||
| Description of Species | It is a fast growing tree, which though grows on different localities and prefers moist fertile valleys with 750-4500 mm rainfall. It does not thrive on ill drained soils and remains stunted on dry, sandy or poor soils; drought also reduces it to a shrubby form. The tree attains moderate to large height up to 30 m with girth of 1.2 to 4.5 m with a clear bole of 9-15 m. It is a treat to see the gamhar tree standing straight with clear bole having branches on top and thick foliage forming a conical crown on the top of the tall stem. Flowers occur in narrow branching clusters at the end of branches. The yellow flower, tinged with brown, is trumpet shaped, 3-4 cm long. The trumpets flare open into a gaping mouth with 5 distinct lobes. | Leaf Details | Lamina 7.5-25 × 6-20 cm, broadly ovate or ovate, base cordate truncate or rounded, apex acute |
